Forced response of atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium simulated by a climate system model

Variations in global atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium are simulated using the climate system model FGOALS_gl. The model was driven by reconstructions of both natural forcing (solar variability and volcanic aerosol) and anthropogenic forcing (greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol). The model results are compared against proxy reconstruction data. The reconstructed North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was out of phase with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the last millennium. During the ...     

Progress in the research of GSH in cells

Glutathione (GSH), γ-Glu-Cys-Gly, is one of the most abundant small non-protein thiol molecules in mammalian tissues, particu- larly in the liver. Although glutathione is present in thiol-reduced (GSH) and disulfide oxidized (GSSG) forms, the predominant form is GSH and its content can exceed 10 mmol/L in liver cells. As an important intracellular reductant, GSH has many biological functions in cells. Its major function is as an anti-oxidant as it can protect proteins from oxidation by reversible posttranslational modification (glutathionylation) and decrease reactive oxygen species-mediated damage. However, it does have numerous other functions, including to chelate metal irons; enhance the absorption of iron, selenium and calcium; participate in lipid and insulin metabolism; regulate cellular events such as gene expression, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, redox-dependent signal transduction pathways, cytokine production and the immune response; and control protein glutathionylation. Therefore, GSH plays important roles in cell survival and health, and an imbalance in the GSH level can lead to many diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of GSH in mammalian cells and discuss future research of GSH.     

Photonic integrated technology for multi-wavelength laser emission

We summarized the design, fabrication challenges and important technologies for multi-wavelength laser transmitting photonic integration. Technologies discussed include multi-wavelength laser arrays, monolithic integration and modularizing coupling and packaging. Fabrication technique requirements have significantly declined with the rise of reconstruction-equivalent-chirp and second nanoimprint mask technologies. The monolithic integration problem between active and passive waveguides can be overcome with Butt-joint and InP array waveguide grating technologies. The dynamic characteristics of multi-factors will be simultaneously measured with multi-port analyzing modules. The performance of photonic integration chips is significantly improved with the autoecious factors compensation packaging technique.     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

A comparison of optimization theories for energy conservation in heat exchanger groups

In general,thermal processes can be classified into two categories: heat-work conversion processes and heat transfer processes. Correspondingly,the optimization of thermal processes has to have two different criteria:the well known entropy generation minimization method and the recently proposed entransy dissipation maximization method. This study analyzes the thermal issues in a heat exchanger group,and optimizes the unit arrangements under different constraints based on a suitable optimization crite-rion. The result indicates that the principle of minimum entropy generation rate is valid for optimizing heat exchangers in a ther-modynamic cycle with given boundary temperatures. In contrast,the entransy dissipation maximization is more suitable in heat exchanger optimizations involving only heat transfer processes. Furthermore,the entropy generation rate induced by dumping used streams into ambient surroundings has to be taken into account,except for that originating from the hot and cold-ends of heat exchangers,when using the entropy generation minimization to optimize heat exchangers undergoing a thermodynamic cycle.     

贝氏高原鳅不同组织原代培养的研究

采用胰酶半消化法,对贝氏高原鳅的吻端、肾脏和性腺组织的原代培养条件进行探究,使用MEM,RPMI1640,DMEM和DMEM/F12培养基进行培养;血清质量分数设置为10%,30%,50%和100%;分别置于37℃,26℃和室温(11～15℃)条件下培养,观察细胞在不同条件下的生长情况.初步确定了各组织原代培养的最佳条件是温度26℃、血清质量分数50%的条件下,吻端和肾脏组织在MEM培养基、精巢在DMEM培养基中生长情况最优.Giemsa染色显示各组织细胞结构完整,荧光染料Alexa fluor 488Phalloidin显示各组织细胞的微丝网络发达.     

锥度量空间中两个集值映射的公共不动点定理

在度量空间中引入了一种新的广义压缩条件,利用这种条件,在不要求正规锥的前提下,得到了满足广义压缩条件的集值映射的公共不动点的存在性结果.这些结果推广了一些锥度量空间中关于两个集值映射的最常见的公共不动点定理.     

GFC-空间中的参数型KKM定理及其应用

首先证明了GFC-空间的一个特征性质,然后通过引进线性序空间,在非紧的GFC-空间中证明了一个参数型KKM定理.应用参数型KKM定理得到了一些新的非紧的极大极小不等式.     

傅里叶变换近红外光谱法测定榨菜酱油成分

基于傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术,通过主成分分析(PCA),可较好地区分不同品牌的榨菜酱油样本.利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了测定榨菜酱油成分的定量分析模型,校正集样本中总酸、氨基酸态氮和食盐的分析模型决定系数(R2)分别为98.44,98.74和98.48,交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为0.001 3,0.008 44和0.355.预测集样本中总酸、氨基酸态氮和食盐的外部验证决定系数(R2)分别为96.04,95.90,96.27,预测集标准偏差(RMSEP)分别为0.017 4,0.012 9,0.48.实验结果具有较高的预测精度,可以用于测定榨菜酱油主要成分的质量浓度.     

茅台酒用有机高粱产量和品质与原料基地气象条件的关系

应用2008年分布在茅台酒原料基地,海拔370～1 301m地段209个农户栽培的有机高粱产量和品质资料,采用气候曲面技术(ANUSPLI)方法得到各地段的温度、降水量和日照数据,并对各地段有机高粱产量和品质及原产地气象条件进行了相关分析.结果表明:气温日较差对高粱产量、单宁质量分数有显著影响;降水量对高粱产量、单宁和淀粉质量分数有显著性影响;日照时数对高粱产量、单宁和淀粉质量分数有显著影响;其中气温、降水量和日照对高粱单宁质量分数的影响都为显著负相关.气象条件对高粱蛋白质质量分数无明显影响.该文依据相关分析结果建立了气候区划指标,并做出了优质酒用有机高粱栽培基地的气候区划,其优质有机高粱栽培基地最适宜区在赤水河流域中段的贵州省仁怀市北部、西部和西南部地区,适宜区在仁怀市东部和南部地区.